(define-theory Anatomy (Meronymy Positions Topo-Morphology))
(in-theory 'Anatomy)


(DEFINE-RELATION DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF) DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM)
      (BIOLOGIC-OBJECT ?A)
      (BIOLOGIC-OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM BIOLOGIC-OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM BIOLOGIC-OBJECT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF (?A ?B)
 "An earlier stage in the individual maturation of an
anatomical structure."
 :DEF
 (AND (MORPHOLOGICAL-RELATION ?A ?B) (BIOLOGIC-OBJECT ?A) (BIOLOGIC-OBJECT ?B)))
(DEFINE-CLASS *SPECIALIZED-CELL (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (CELL ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (STRICTLY-NECESSARY-TO ?SELF ?A)
                   (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?A)
                        (EXISTS (?B) (AND (EMBODIES ?A ?B) (GROWTH ?B)))))))
 :AXIOM-DEF (THE-ARCHETYPE *SPECIALIZED-CELL REIFIED-PROPERTY))
(DEFINE-CLASS ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
 "A normal or pathological part of the anatomy or structural organization of an 
organism."
 :DEF
 (AND (BIOLOGIC-OBJECT ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (PART-OF ?SELF ?A) (ORGANISM ?A))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (FORALL (?B)
       (=> (REFERENCE-LOCATION-OF ?SELF ?B)
        (OR (FUNGUS ?B)
            (RICKETTSIA-OR-CHLAMYDIA ?B)
            (BACTERIUM ?B)
            (VIRUS ?B)
            (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?B)
            (BIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?B))))
      (FORALL (?C)
       (=> (PART-OF ?SELF ?C)
        (OR (ORGANISM ?C) (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?C))))
      (FORALL (?D)
       (=> (PART ?SELF ?D) (OR (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?D) (SUBSTANCE ?D))))
      (FORALL (?E)
       (=> (BEARER-OF ?SELF ?E)
        (OR (MEDICAL-PROCEDURE ?E)
            (HEALTH-CARE-ACTIVITY ?E)
            (BIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?E))))
      (FORALL (?F)
       (=> (PRODUCTION-HOST-OF ?SELF ?F)
        (OR (ORGANIC-CHEMICAL ?F)
            (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?F)
            (BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE-SUBSTANCE ?F)
            (ANATOMICAL-ABNORMALITY ?F))))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF CONTAINS SUBSTANCE)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF EMBODIES
       BIOLOGIC-FUNCTION))
 :AXIOM-DEF
 (SUBCLASS-PARTITION ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE (SETOF TISSUE BODY-SYSTEM BODY-PART)))
(DEFINE-CLASS AQUATIC-LARVA (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (NON-HUMAN-EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (EMBODIES ?SELF ?A)
                   (AND (BREATHING ?A)
                        (EXISTS (?B) (AND (EMBODIED-IN ?A ?B) (GILLS ?B))))))))
(DEFINE-CLASS BLOOD (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (BODY-FLUID ?SELF) (EXISTS (?A) (AND (WITHIN ?SELF ?A) (VESSEL ?A)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-FLUID (?SELF)
:DEF (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-JUNCTION (?SELF)
 "The place where two anatomical structures meet or connect." :DEF
 (AND (BODY-PART ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (GENERICALLY-LOCATED ?SELF ?A)
                   (AND (REGION ?A)
                        (> (CARDINALITY
                            (SETOFALL ?B (EXACT-LOCATION-OF ?A ?B)))
                           2))))
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?C) (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?C)))
      (EXISTS (?D) (AND (INTERCONNECTS ?SELF ?D) (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?D))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF INTERCONNECTS CELL)
      (FORALL (?E)
       (=> (CONNECTED-TO ?SELF ?E) (OR (TISSUE ?E) (BODY-JUNCTION ?E))))))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-PART (?SELF)
 "A collection of cells and tissues which are localized to a specific area or 
combine and carry out one or more specialized functions of an organism. This ranges from gross structures 
to small components of complex organs. These structures are relatively localized in comparison to tissues."
 :DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (LOCATED ?SELF ?A) (BODY-REGION ?A)))
      (EXISTS (?B) (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?B) (ORGANISM ?B))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (EXISTS (?C) (AND (ELEMENT ?SELF ?C) (CELL ?C)))
      (EXISTS (?D) (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?D) (BODY-SYSTEM ?D)))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF CONSTITUENT-MATERIAL SUBSTANCE)
      (FORALL (?E)
       (=> (SURROUNDS ?SELF ?E) (OR (BODY-PART ?E) (TISSUE ?E))))
      (FORALL (?F)
       (=> (ADJACENT-TO ?SELF ?F)
        (OR (CELL ?F) (BODY-SPACE ?F) (TISSUE ?F) (BODY-PART ?F))))
      (FORALL (?G)
       (=> (CONNECTED-TO ?SELF ?G)
        (OR (BODY-REGION ?G) (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?G) (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?G))))
      (FORALL (?H)
       (=> (DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF ?SELF ?H) (OR (CELL ?H) (BODY-PART ?H))))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF TRAVERSES BODY-PART)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF BRANCH-OF BODY-PART)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF TRIBUTARY-OF BODY-PART))
 :AXIOM-DEF
 (MAPPING BODY-PART
  "USN 'Body-Part-Organ-Or-Organ-Component' can be mapped here."))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-REGION (?SELF)
 "USN: 'An area, subdivision, or region of the body demarcated for the 
purpose of topographical description.' But the main ontological issue in body regions is their primary
status: are they body-parts (objects) or mere regions? Since they can be touched, cut, filled, etc., 
the intuition goes to the objectual interpretation, but one could think of a special metomymy of 
medical language: when a body region is at hand, a body part located at that region is at hand, and
which one is evident from the operations carried out by physicians and (usually) epistemically shared
by them, or by the functions involved in the parts located at the region. On the other hand, if we 
adopt the regional interpretation, we could have hard times in
axiomatizing it: a body region can only exist within an organism (rigidly-depends on it), but
cannot be part of it (in fact, UMLS has it as 'conceptual-part'). Currently, we adopt the regional
interpretation and axiomatize it by restricting the kind of objects which can be located at
body regions."
 :DEF
 (AND (REGION ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (LOCATION-OF ?SELF ?A) (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?A)))
      (EXISTS (?B) (AND (PORTION-OF ?SELF ?B) (ORGANISM ?B))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (EXISTS (?C) (AND (STRICTLY-DEPENDS-ON ?SELF ?C) (ORGANISM ?C)))
      (EXISTS (?D) (AND (CONNECTED ?SELF ?D) (BODY-REGION ?D)))
      (FORALL (?E)
       (=> (LOCATION-OF ?SELF ?E)
        (OR (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?E)
            (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?E)
            (BIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?E)
            (BODY-REGION ?E))))
      (EXISTS (?F)
              (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?F)
                   (OR (BODY-SYSTEM ?F) (BODY-PART ?F))))
      (FORALL (?G)
       (=> (NEAR ?SELF ?G)
        (OR (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?G) (BODY-REGION ?G))))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF BEARER-OF
       MEDICAL-PROCEDURE)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF CROSSES-THROUGH BODY-REGION)))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-SPACE (?SELF)
 "An area enclosed or surrounded by body parts or organs.
Since "
 :DEF
 (AND (BODY-REGION ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (SURROUNDED-BY ?SELF ?A) (BODY-PART ?A)))
      (EXISTS (?B) (AND (3D-AREA-OF ?SELF ?B) (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?B))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (EXISTS (?C)
              (AND (LOCATION-OF ?SELF ?C)
                   (OR (CELL-COMPONENT ?C)
                       (ANATOMICAL-ABNORMALITY ?C)
                       (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?C)
                       (BODY-JUNCTION ?C))))
      (FORALL (?D)
       (=> (CONTAINS ?SELF ?D)
        (OR (TISSUE ?D) (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?D) (BODY-PART ?D))))
      (FORALL (?E)
       (=> (ADJACENT-TO ?SELF ?E)
        (OR (TISSUE ?E) (CELL-COMPONENT ?E) (BODY-SPACE ?E))))))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-SPACE-OR-JUNCTION (?SELF)
 "The definition in USN may let one think that junction
is a space as well ('an area where two parts meet'). We accept here such conceptualization,
but with the warning that this is an incongruous disjunct. Its instances in the
Metathesaurus must be redistributed!"
 :DEF (BODY-SPACE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS BODY-SYSTEM (?SELF)
 "A complex of anatomical structures that performs a common function." :DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _SYSTEM 1)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (PRIME-COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?A) (ORGANISM ?A)))
      (EXISTS (?B) (AND (COMPONENT ?SELF ?B) (BODY-PART ?B))))
 :CONSTRAINTS (EXISTS (?C) (AND (EMBODIES ?SELF ?C) (PHYSIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?C))))
(DEFINE-CLASS CELL (?SELF)
 "The fundamental structural and functional unit of living organisms." :DEF
 (AND (CELLULAR-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (FINER-GRAIN-COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?A)
                   (OR (BODY-SYSTEM ?A)
                       (TISSUE ?A)
                       (ORGANISM ?A)
                       (BODY-PART ?A)))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF CELL)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF ADJACENT-TO ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE)))
(DEFINE-CLASS CELL-COMPONENT (?SELF)
 "A part of a cell or the intercellular matrix, generally visible by light 
microscopy."
 :DEF
 (AND (CELLULAR-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?A)
                   (OR (CELL ?A) (INTERCELLULAR-MATRIX ?A)))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF AFFECTS
       PHYSIOLOGIC-FUNCTION)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF ADJACENT-TO ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF SURROUNDS CELL-COMPONENT)))
(DEFINE-CLASS CELL-WALL (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (CELLULAR-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (SHELF-PART-OF ?SELF ?A) (CELL ?A))))
)
(DEFINE-CLASS CELLULAR-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _CELLULAR 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS COLD-BLOOD (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (BLOOD ?SELF) (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _COLD 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS CYTOPLASM (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (CELLULAR-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (SHELF-PART-OF ?SELF ?A) (CELL ?A)))
      (EXISTS (?B)
              (AND (LOCATED ?SELF ?B)
                   (AND (REGION ?B)
                        (EXISTS (?C) (AND (INTERIOR-OF ?B ?C) (CELL ?C)))
                        (FORALL (?C ?D)
                         (=> (AND (INTERIOR-OF ?B ?C) (INTERIOR-OF ?B ?D))
                          (= ?C ?D))))))))
(DEFINE-CLASS EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
 "An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully 
formed. In mammals, for example, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. 
This structure may be normal or abnormal."
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF ?SELF ?A)
                   (OR (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?A) (ORGANISM ?A)))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF SURROUNDS EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF INTERCONNECTS EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE)))
(DEFINE-CLASS ENDOCRINE-GLAND (?SELF)
:DEF (GLAND ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS EUKARYOTIC-CELL (?SELF)
:DEF (CELL ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS EUKARYOTIC-CELL-WITH-NON-RIGID-CELL-WALL (?SELF)
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EUKARYOTIC-CELL ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (SHELF-PART ?SELF ?A) (NON-RIGID-CELL-WALL ?A)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS EXTERNAL-COVERING (?SELF)
:DEF (TISSUE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS FEATHERS (?SELF)
:DEF
 (NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS FULLY-FORMED-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
 "An anatomical structure in a fully formed organism, in mammals, 
for example, a structure in the body after the birth of the organism."
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (PRODUCT-OF ?SELF ?A) (FULFILLED-MATURATION ?A))))
 :CONSTRAINTS (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF INCOHERENT)
 :AXIOM-DEF (THE-ARCHETYPE FULLY-FORMED-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE REIFIED-PROPERTY)
)
(DEFINE-CLASS GILLS (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (EMBODIES ?SELF ?A) (BREATHING ?A)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS GLAND (?SELF)
:DEF (ORGAN ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS HAIR (?SELF)
:DEF (TISSUE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS HORNY-PLATE (?SELF)
:DEF
 (NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS IMMUNE-SYSTEM (?SELF)
:DEF (BODY-SYSTEM ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS IMMUNOLOGICALLY-COMPETENT-CELL (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (CELL ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (STRICTLY-NECESSARY-TO ?SELF ?A) (IMMUNE-RESPONSE ?A))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (EXISTS (?B) (AND (COMPONENT ?SELF ?B) (RECEPTOR ?B)))
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (BINDS-WITH ?SELF ?C) (ANTIGEN ?C)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS INTERCELLULAR-MATRIX (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (BODY-SUBSTANCE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (EXTERNALLY-CONNECTED ?SELF ?A) (CELL ?A))))
 :CONSTRAINTS (EXISTS (?B) (AND (PIECE-OF ?SELF ?B) (TISSUE ?B))))
(DEFINE-CLASS LUNGS (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (ORGAN ?SELF) (EXISTS (?A) (AND (EMBODIES ?SELF ?A) (BREATHING ?A)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS MAMMARY-GLAND (?SELF)
:DEF (GLAND ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS MOLECULAR-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _MOLECULAR 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS NERVOUS-SYSTEM (?SELF)
:DEF (BODY-SYSTEM ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF COMPONENT-OF INCOHERENT))
 :AXIOM-DEF (THE-ARCHETYPE NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE REIFIED-PROPERTY))
(DEFINE-CLASS NON-HUMAN-EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF ?SELF ?A)
                   (OR (NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?A)
                       (AND (ORGANISM ?A) (NOT (HUMAN ?A)))))))
 :AXIOM-DEF (THE-ARCHETYPE NON-HUMAN-EMBRYONIC-STRUCTURE REIFIED-PROPERTY))
(DEFINE-CLASS NON-RIGID-CELL-WALL (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (CELL-WALL ?SELF) (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _ELASTIC 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS ORGAN (?SELF)
 "A somewhat independent body part that performs a specialized function.
To be investigated: is there a clear-cut distinction between body systems and organs? is it possible all
body parts have a functional view?"
 :DEF
 (AND (BODY-PART ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (EMBODIES ?SELF ?A) (PHYSIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?A)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS ORGAN-SYSTEM (?SELF)
:DEF (BODY-SYSTEM ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS ORGANISM-ATTRIBUTE (?SELF)
 "A property of the organism or its major parts." :DEF
 (AND (NOTION ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (GENERIC-ASSOCIATION ?SELF ?A) (ORGANISM ?A))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (FORALL (?B)
       (=> (MEASUREMENT-OF ?SELF ?B)
        (OR (ORGANISM-ATTRIBUTE ?B) (PHYSIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?B))))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF OUTCOME-OF PHENOMENON-OR-PROCESS)
      (FORALL (?C)
       (=> (MANIFESTATION-OF ?SELF ?C)
        (OR (ORGANISM-ATTRIBUTE ?C) (PHYSIOLOGIC-FUNCTION ?C))))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF DEGREE-OF ORGANISM-ATTRIBUTE))
 :AXIOM-DEF
 (PROBLEM ORGANISM-ATTRIBUTE
  "This is -so defined- a meta-level category. On the other hand, instances 
(199 + 52 PUI instances) are to be studied, in order to distribute them in the right place."))
(DEFINE-CLASS PEPTIDOGLYCAN-CELL-WALL (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (CELL-WALL ?SELF)
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF CONSTITUENT-MATERIAL 1)
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF CONSTITUENT-MATERIAL
       PEPTIDOGLYCAN)))
(DEFINE-CLASS PIGMENT (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (SUBSTANCE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?A) (ORGANISM ?A)))
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _COLORED 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS PLASTID (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (BIOLOGIC-OBJECT ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?A)
                   (AND (CELL ?A)
                        (EXISTS (?B)
                                (AND (FINER-GRAIN-COMPONENT-OF ?A ?B)
                                     (PLANT ?B))))))))
(DEFINE-CLASS PROKARYOTIC-CELL (?SELF)
:DEF (CELL ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS PROTECTIVE-COAT (?SELF)
:DEF (TISSUE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS RIGID-CELL-WALL (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (CELL-WALL ?SELF) (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _RIGID 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS SCALE (?SELF)
:DEF
 (NON-HUMAN-ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS SKIN (?SELF)
:DEF (TISSUE ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS SMOOTH-SKIN (?SELF)
:IFF-DEF
 (AND (SKIN ?SELF) (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _SMOOTH 1)))
(DEFINE-CLASS SPINAL-COLUMN (?SELF)
:DEF (BODY-PART ?SELF)
)
(DEFINE-CLASS SWEAT-GLAND (?SELF)
:DEF (GLAND ?SELF))
(DEFINE-CLASS TISSUE (?SELF)
 "An aggregation of similarly specialized cells and the associated intercellular 
substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to body parts, organs or organ components.
As far as distinctions made to now are concerned, the main feature of tissues is self-connexity and being 
a homogeneous mass (all parts in the same granularity are tissue as well); though, the definition needs 
extension."
 :DEF
 (AND (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?SELF)
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _SELF-CONNECTED 1)
      (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _HOMOGENEOUS 1)
      (EXISTS (?A)
              (AND (COMPONENT-OF ?SELF ?A)
                   (OR (BODY-PART ?A) (BODY-SYSTEM ?A)))))
 :CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (EXISTS (?B) (AND (ELEMENT ?SELF ?B) (*SPECIALIZED-CELL ?B)))
      (EXISTS (?C)
              (AND (SURROUNDS ?SELF ?C)
                   (OR (ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE ?C)
                       (SUBSTANCE ?C)
                       (BODY-REGION ?C))))
      (FORALL (?D)
       (=> (DEVELOPMENTAL-FORM-OF ?SELF ?D)
        (OR (TISSUE ?D) (BODY-PART ?D))))
      (FORALL (?E)
       (=> (CONSTITUENT-MATERIAL ?SELF ?E)
        (OR (TISSUE ?E) (SUBSTANCE ?E))))
      (VALUE-TYPE ?SELF ADJACENT-TO ANATOMICAL-STRUCTURE)))
(DEFINE-CLASS VASCULAR-TISSUE (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (TISSUE ?SELF)
      (EXISTS (?A) (AND (CONSTITUENT-MATERIAL-OF ?SELF ?A) (VESSEL ?A)))))
(DEFINE-CLASS VESSEL (?SELF)
:DEF
 (AND (BODY-PART ?SELF) (VALUE-CARDINALITY ?SELF _CHANNEL 1)))