(define-theory Actors (Top-Level))

(in-theory 'Actors)


(DEFINE-RELATION ACTOR (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF (= (INVERSE ACTOR-OF) ACTOR))
(DEFINE-RELATION ACTOR-OF (?A ?B) "An actor is a functional relation
with a range of 'process'. It allows to focalize on the roles
intervening in the development of a process, e.g. on so called
'participants'."
 :DEF (AND (ACTANTIAL-RELATION ?A ?B) (PROCESS ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION AFFECTED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE AFFECTS) AFFECTED-BY))
(DEFINE-RELATION AFFECTS (?A ?B)
 "This is for from-actors which cause bearers
to be changed. For the simple case of a process affecting something, there
already is the 'bearer' in-actor."
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (FROM-ACTOR-OF ?A ?C) (BEARER ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION ALTERED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE ALTERS) ALTERED-BY))
(DEFINE-RELATION ALTERS (?A ?B)
 "This is a kind of 'affects' producing a usually negative
effect."
 :DEF (AFFECTS ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION AUTHORED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE AUTHORS) AUTHORED-BY) (TEXT ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE AUTHORED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN AUTHORED-BY TEXT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION AUTHORS (?A ?B) :DEF
 (AND (CREATES ?A ?B) (TEXT ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION BEARER (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE BEARER-OF) BEARER))
(DEFINE-RELATION BEARER-OF (?A ?B)
 "-unchanged(form). Usable for processes as well." :DEF (IN-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION BENEFICIARY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE BENEFICIARY-OF) BENEFICIARY) (ACT ?A) (ORGANISM ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE BENEFICIARY ORGANISM)
      (DOMAIN BENEFICIARY ACT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION BENEFICIARY-OF (?A ?B)
 "A recipient, with +benefits if completed." :DEF (RECIPIENT-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION BY-ACTOR (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE BY-ACTOR-OF) BY-ACTOR))
(DEFINE-RELATION BY-ACTOR-OF (?A ?B)
 "This groups the actors which accompany the development
of a process. The intuition relies on the cognitive 'force' schema. Cf. the Aristotelian
'hyle'."
 :DEF (ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION CARRIED-ON-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE CARRIES-ON) CARRIED-ON-BY) (TOPIC ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE CARRIED-ON-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN CARRIED-ON-BY TOPIC)))
(DEFINE-RELATION CARRIED-OUT-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE CARRIES-OUT) CARRIED-OUT-BY)
      (PROCESS ?A)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE CARRIED-OUT-BY LOCALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN CARRIED-OUT-BY PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION CARRIES-ON (?A ?B)
 "A relation used to talk of activities carried out
within a topic; an everyday metomymy for talking of working in a field, and similar
stuff."
 :DEF
 (AND (EXISTS ?Z (AND (CARRIES-OUT ?A ?Z) (CONVENTIONAL-WITHIN ?Z ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (OBJECT ?A)
      (TOPIC ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION CARRIES-OUT (?A ?B)
 "Executes a function or performs a procedure or
activity. This includes transacts, operates on, handles, and executes."
 :DEF
 (AND (OR (PERFORMS ?A ?B) (EFFECTS ?A ?B) (EMBODIES ?A ?B))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (PROCESS ?B))
 :AXIOM-DEF
 (MAPPING CARRIES-OUT
  "This is an USN counterpart, aimed at grouping two from-actors 
(performs and effects), and an in-actor (embodies). Not a rigorous relation indeed.
Maintained only to deal with Metathesaurus tuples."))
(DEFINE-RELATION CAUSE (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE CAUSE-OF) CAUSE) (PROCESS ?A) (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE CAUSE ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN CAUSE PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION CAUSE-OF (?A ?B)
 "Procedurally (indirectly) involved in the beginning of a
process. Usable for processes as well (causal chain)."
 :DEF (AND (NOT (EFFECTS ?A ?B)) (NOT (PERFORMS ?A ?B)) (FROM-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION COMPLETION-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION CREATED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C)
       (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?C) (PERFORMS ?B ?C) (ACT ?C) (OBJECT ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (ENTITY ?A)
      (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE CREATED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN CREATED-BY ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION CREATES (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (PERFORMS ?A ?C) (OUTCOME ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION DESTINATION-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION DIRECT-RESULT (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE DIRECT-RESULT-OF) DIRECT-RESULT)
      (PROCESS ?A)
      (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE DIRECT-RESULT TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN DIRECT-RESULT PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION DIRECT-RESULT-OF (?A ?B)
 "No intermediate steps in the causal/temporal chain are
interposed between the process and the resulting entity."
 :DEF (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?B) (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION DURATION-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION EFFECTED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE EFFECTS) EFFECTED-BY) (ACT ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE EFFECTED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN EFFECTED-BY ACT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EFFECTS (?A ?B)
 "The active but unintentional actor; directly involved in
the beginning of an action; usually involved in its development."
 :DEF (AND (FROM-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (OBJECT ?A) (ACT ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EMBODIED-IN (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE EMBODIES) EMBODIED-IN)
      (NATURAL-PROCESS ?A)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :CONSTRAINTS (AND (NATURAL-PROCESS ?A) (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE EMBODIED-IN LOCALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN EMBODIED-IN NATURAL-PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EMBODIES (?A ?B)
 "It is the actor that has a function within;
typically, natural phenomena.
Searle: functions are not teleological until they are observed as
involved in a system: in this case, the embodier becomes a resource
which supplies a function OF a system."
 :DEF (AND (IN-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?A) (NATURAL-PROCESS ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION ENFORCED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE ENFORCES) ENFORCED-BY) (ENTITY ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE ENFORCED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN ENFORCED-BY ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION ENFORCES (?A ?B)
 "This is for the making something applicable
(constraining the application of a regulation on a domain)."
 :DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (PERFORMS ?A ?C) (TO-ACTOR ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION EXHIBITED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE EXHIBITS) EXHIBITED-BY) (ACT ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE EXHIBITED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN EXHIBITED-BY ACT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EXHIBITS (?A ?B) :DEF (PERFORMS ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION EXPERIENCED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE EXPERIENCES) EXPERIENCED-BY)
      (PROCESS ?A)
      (ORGANISM ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE EXPERIENCED-BY ORGANISM)
      (DOMAIN EXPERIENCED-BY PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EXPERIENCES (?A ?B)
 "+passive +animate; applies to states only,
either internal ('John is cold') or external ('John was burnt by the sun').
For internal states, there may be some indecision between this actor and the
'embodies' actor (an in-actor): e.g., 'John is cold' may be viewed as 'the
termoregulatory system of the organism named John embodies a state of cold'.
Although this example results quite strange, there may be certain contexts
which may allow such an interpretation."
 :DEF (AND (TO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (ORGANISM ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EXPLOITED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C) (AND (RESOURCE-OF ?A ?C) (PERFORMED-BY ?C ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (SUBSTANCE ?A)
      (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE EXPLOITED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN EXPLOITED-BY SUBSTANCE)))
(DEFINE-RELATION EXPLOITS (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (PERFORMS ?A ?C) (RESOURCE ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION FAVORED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE FAVORS) FAVORED-BY) (PROCESS ?A) (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE FAVORED-BY ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN FAVORED-BY PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION FAVORS (?A ?B) :DEF (CAUSE-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION FEATURE-ALTERS (?A ?B)
 "This relation supports conceptualizing processes which
produce alterations of the features of some entity, such as temperature, form, color,
size, etc."
 :DEF (AND (EXTRINSIC-STRUCTURING-RELATION ?A ?B) (PROCESS ?A) (THING ?B))
 :AXIOM-DEF (CONCEPTUALLY-DEPENDS-ON FEATURE-ALTERS ALTERS))
(DEFINE-RELATION FROM-ACTOR (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE FROM-ACTOR-OF) FROM-ACTOR) (PROCESS ?A) (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE FROM-ACTOR ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN FROM-ACTOR PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION FROM-ACTOR-OF (?A ?B)
 "This groups the actors involved in the starting part
of a process. The intuition relies on the cognitive 'path' schema. Cf. the
Aristotelian 'arché'. They are usually active participants of the process."
 :DEF (ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION IMPROVED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE IMPROVES) IMPROVED-BY))
(DEFINE-RELATION IMPROVES (?A ?B)
 "For processes supporting other processes
with the explicit functions of making them better."
 :DEF (SUPPORTS ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION IN-ACTOR (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE IN-ACTOR-OF) IN-ACTOR))
(DEFINE-RELATION IN-ACTOR-OF (?A ?B)
 "This groups the actors which actually 'host' the
process. The intuition relies on the cognitive 'container' schema. Cf. the
Aristotelian 'ousìa'."
 :DEF (ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION INDUCED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE INDUCES) INDUCED-BY) (PROCESS ?A) (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE INDUCED-BY ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN INDUCED-BY PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION INDUCES (?A ?B) :DEF (CAUSE-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION INFLUENCED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE INFLUENCES) INFLUENCED-BY)
      (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (PROCESS ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE INFLUENCED-BY PROCESS)
      (DOMAIN INFLUENCED-BY TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION INFLUENCES (?A ?B)
 "This is for processes which act upon something,
say that have an explicit bearer. It could be viewed as a from-actor having
processes in domain place, but the in-actor solution is more elegant and
economic."
 :DEF (AND (BEARER ?A ?B) (PROCESS ?A) (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION INSTRUMENT (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE INSTRUMENT-OF) INSTRUMENT))
(DEFINE-RELATION INSTRUMENT-OF (?A ?B)
 "In case it is the agent that explicitly
uses something, the range should include *agent as well; on the other
hand, an agent always uses something to perform some process, then there
actually are two axioms: *agent-(performs)->action<-(instrument-of)-
something. When it is said that an agent 'generically' uses something,
an implied process must be inserted anyway, eg: smith-(performs)-
>action<-(instrument-of)-hammer. Another possibility: a 'uses' relation
which encapsulates: (performs)->action<-(instrument-of); see 'uses' for
such a composed relation."
 :DEF (AND (BY-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (ACT ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION INTERACTS-WITH (?A ?B) :DEF (AFFECTS ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION INTERPRETATION-OUTCOME (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE INTERPRETATION-OUTCOME-OF) INTERPRETATION-OUTCOME)
      (PROCESS ?A)
      (*SIGN ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE INTERPRETATION-OUTCOME *SIGN)
      (DOMAIN INTERPRETATION-OUTCOME PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION INTERPRETATION-OUTCOME-OF (?A ?B) :DEF
 (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?B) (*SIGN ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION IS-FEATURE-ALTERED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE FEATURE-ALTERS) IS-FEATURE-ALTERED-BY))
(DEFINE-RELATION IS-PRODUCT-OF (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE THE-PRODUCT) IS-PRODUCT-OF)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (PROCESS ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE IS-PRODUCT-OF PROCESS)
      (DOMAIN IS-PRODUCT-OF LOCALIZED-ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION IS-RESULT-OF (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE THE-RESULT) IS-RESULT-OF)
      (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (PROCESS ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE IS-RESULT-OF PROCESS)
      (DOMAIN IS-RESULT-OF TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION LOCAL-CAUSE (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C) (AND (CONTEXT-OF ?A ?C) (CAUSE ?C ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (SITUATION ?A)
      (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE LOCAL-CAUSE ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN LOCAL-CAUSE SITUATION)))
(DEFINE-RELATION LOCAL-CAUSE-OF (?A ?B)
 "This is for the use of cause when applied to
 situations, ie as an improper actor."
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (CAUSE-OF ?A ?C) (CONTEXT ?C ?B)))
      (SITUATION ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION LOCATION-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION MADE-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C)
       (AND (PRODUCT-OF ?A ?C) (PERFORMS ?B ?C) (ACT ?C) (OBJECT ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE MADE-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN MADE-BY LOCALIZED-ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION MAKES (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (PERFORMS ?A ?C) (PRODUCT ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION MANAGED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE MANAGES) MANAGED-BY) (ENTITY ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE MANAGED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN MANAGED-BY ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION MANAGES (?A ?B) :DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (PERFORMS ?A ?C) (TO-ACTOR ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION MEDIATED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?C) (MEDIUM ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION MEDIATES (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE MEDIATED-BY) MEDIATES))
(DEFINE-RELATION MEDIUM (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE MEDIUM-OF) MEDIUM))
(DEFINE-RELATION MEDIUM-OF (?A ?B)
 "An abstract object exploited by some process." :DEF
 (AND (BY-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (ABSTRACTION ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION METHOD (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE METHOD-OF) METHOD))
(DEFINE-RELATION METHOD-OF (?A ?B)
 "The manner and sequence of events in performing an
act or procedure. The domain must be some abstract object, usually a text, which
specifies a set of instructions."
 :DEF (AND (BY-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (ABSTRACTION ?A) (PROCESS ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION OPERATES-ON (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (EFFECTS ?A ?C) (TARGET ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION OPERATION-TARGET-OF (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C)
       (AND (TARGET-OF ?A ?C) (EFFECTS ?B ?C) (ACT ?C) (OBJECT ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (ENTITY ?A)
      (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE OPERATION-TARGET-OF OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN OPERATION-TARGET-OF ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION OUTCOME (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE OUTCOME-OF) OUTCOME) (PROCESS ?A) (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE OUTCOME ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN OUTCOME PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION OUTCOME-OF (?A ?B)
 "An outcome is different from a goal, but their tuples could 
coincide. A (conventional) goal is an expected outcome (see theory:assessment), while an 
outcome may be provided without the statement of a conventional goal, 
for example a machine process may have outcomes, but not goals; a walking around may have 
outcomes from no conventional goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, 
and so on. Anything can be an outcome."
 :DEF (TO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION PATH-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION PERFORMED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE PERFORMS) PERFORMED-BY) (ACT ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE PERFORMED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN PERFORMED-BY ACT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PERFORMS (?A ?B)
 "The active and intentional actor; directly involved in
the beginning of a process; usually involved in the process development; usually
animate?"
 :DEF (AND (FROM-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (OBJECT ?A) (ACT ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION POINT-IN-TIME-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION PRACTICED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE PRACTICES) PRACTICED-BY) (ACT ?A) (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE PRACTICED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN PRACTICED-BY ACT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PRACTICES (?A ?B) :DEF (PERFORMS ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION PREVENTED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE PREVENTS) PREVENTED-BY) (ENTITY ?A) (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE PREVENTED-BY ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN PREVENTED-BY ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PREVENTS (?A ?B) :DEF (AFFECTS ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION PRODUCT (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE PRODUCT-OF) PRODUCT)
      (PROCESS ?A)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE PRODUCT LOCALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN PRODUCT PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PRODUCT-OF (?A ?B) "The outcome is an object." :DEF
 (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?B) (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PRODUCTION-HOST (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE PRODUCTION-HOST-OF) PRODUCTION-HOST)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE PRODUCTION-HOST LOCALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN PRODUCTION-HOST LOCALIZED-ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PRODUCTION-HOST-OF (?A ?B)
 "This is for the metonymical use of
'produces' which makes it implicit the process carried out by an object.
E.g.: gland-(produces)->hormone is actually: gland-(embodies)->function-
(product)->hormone."
 :DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (CARRIES-OUT ?A ?C) (PRODUCT ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION PSEUDO-ACTOR (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF) PSEUDO-ACTOR)
      (ENTITY ?A)
      (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE PSEUDO-ACTOR ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN PSEUDO-ACTOR ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF (?A ?B)
 "This relation groups the compositional or improper
actors, say those actors not having the range within processes."
 :DEF (ACTANTIAL-RELATION ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION RECIPIENT (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE RECIPIENT-OF) RECIPIENT) (ACT ?A) (ORGANISM ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE RECIPIENT ORGANISM)
      (DOMAIN RECIPIENT ACT)))
(DEFINE-RELATION RECIPIENT-OF (?A ?B)
 "+passive +animate; if beneficiary, +benefits
if completed; applies to actions."
 :DEF (AND (TO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (ORGANISM ?A) (ACT ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION REGULATED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE REGULATES) REGULATED-BY))
(DEFINE-RELATION REGULATES (?A ?B)
 "This is for acting upon something in order to
structure its dynamics."
 :DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (FROM-ACTOR-OF ?A ?C) (TO-ACTOR ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION REMOTE-CAUSE (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C)
       (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?C) (CAUSE-OF ?B ?C) (PROCESS ?C) (ENTITY ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (ENTITY ?A)
      (ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE REMOTE-CAUSE ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN REMOTE-CAUSE ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION REMOTE-CAUSE-OF (?A ?B)
 "The object x is involved in the beginning
of a process y which has a certain outcome z which is commonly said to be 'caused'
by x."
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (CAUSE-OF ?A ?C) (OUTCOME ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION RESOURCE (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE RESOURCE-OF) RESOURCE) (ACTIVITY ?A) (SUBSTANCE ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE RESOURCE SUBSTANCE)
      (DOMAIN RESOURCE ACTIVITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION RESOURCE-OF (?A ?B)
 "The use of a substance, implying
consumption. The use of a substance without expliciting the action is
supported by the composed relation 'exploits'."
 :DEF (AND (BY-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (SUBSTANCE ?A) (ACTIVITY ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION RESULT (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (= (INVERSE RESULT-OF) RESULT)
      (PROCESS ?A)
      (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE RESULT TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN RESULT PROCESS)))
(DEFINE-RELATION RESULT-HOST (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C) (AND (RESULT-OF ?A ?C) (EMBODIED-IN ?C ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?A)
      (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE RESULT-HOST LOCALIZED-ENTITY)
      (DOMAIN RESULT-HOST TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION RESULT-HOST-OF (?A ?B)
 "This is for the metonymical use of 'produces'
which makes it implicit the process embodied in an object. E.g.:
brain-(produces)->behavior is actually: 
brain-(embodies)->function-(result)->behavior."
 :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (EMBODIES ?A ?C) (RESULT ?C ?B)))))
(DEFINE-RELATION RESULT-OF (?A ?B)
 "The outcome is a situation or a process." :DEF
 (AND (OUTCOME-OF ?A ?B) (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION SPATIAL-ORIGIN-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION SUPPORTED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE SUPPORTS) SUPPORTED-BY))
(DEFINE-RELATION SUPPORTS (?A ?B)
 "A process needed by some other process." :DEF
 (AND (BY-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (PROCESS ?A)))
(DEFINE-RELATION TARGET (?A ?B)
 "returns the second window in the list returned by (windows)." :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE TARGET-OF) TARGET))
(DEFINE-RELATION TARGET-OF (?A ?B) "+passive -animate; applies to
actions. This is for non-animate recipients or target processes."
 :DEF (AND (TO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B) (ACT ?B)))
(DEFINE-RELATION TEMPORAL-ORIGIN-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-FUNCTION THE-PRODUCT (?A) :-> ?B :DEF
 (AND (OUTCOME ?A ?B) (LOCALIZED-ENTITY ?B)) :AXIOM-DEF
 (FUNCTION THE-PRODUCT))
(DEFINE-FUNCTION THE-RESULT (?A) :-> ?B :DEF
 (AND (OUTCOME ?A ?B) (TEMPORALIZED-ENTITY ?B)) :AXIOM-DEF
 (FUNCTION THE-RESULT))
(DEFINE-RELATION THE-RESULT-OF (?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION THEME (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF (= (INVERSE THEME-OF) THEME))
(DEFINE-RELATION THEME-OF (?A ?B)
 "+unchanged(form); it can be moved." :DEF (IN-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION TO-ACTOR (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (= (INVERSE TO-ACTOR-OF) TO-ACTOR))
(DEFINE-RELATION TO-ACTOR-OF (?A ?B)
 "This groups the actors involved in the conclusive part
of a process. The intuition relies on the cognitive 'path' schema. Cf. the
Aristotelian 'tèlos'. They are usually passive participants of the process."
 :DEF (ACTOR-OF ?A ?B))
(DEFINE-RELATION USED-BY (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (EXISTS (?C)
       (AND (INSTRUMENT-OF ?A ?C) (PERFORMS ?B ?C) (ACT ?C) (OBJECT ?B)))
      (PSEUDO-ACTOR ?A ?B)
      (ENTITY ?A)
      (OBJECT ?B))
 :AXIOM-CONSTRAINTS
 (AND (RANGE USED-BY OBJECT)
      (DOMAIN USED-BY ENTITY)))
(DEFINE-RELATION USES (?A ?B) :IFF-DEF
 (AND (PSEUDO-ACTOR-OF ?A ?B)
      (EXISTS (?C) (AND (PERFORMS ?A ?C) (INSTRUMENT ?C ?B)))))