{"id":777,"date":"2021-07-27T19:22:55","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T19:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/?page_id=777"},"modified":"2025-12-15T15:21:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T15:21:14","slug":"dolce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/dolce\/","title":{"rendered":"Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering (DOLCE)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/dolce\/Pictures\/wonderweb.gif\" alt=\"WonderWeb\" style=\"width:350px;height:187px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>DOLCE  is a foundational ontology developed and maintained by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/\"> ISTC-CNR Laboratory for Applied Ontology<\/a>. It was originally developed within the <a href=\"http:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/fetch?ACTION=D&amp;CALLER=PROJ_IST&amp;RCN=60325\">WonderWeb project <\/a> and was conceived as the first module of the WonderWeb Foundational Ontologies Library (WFOL) together with OCHRE and BFO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DOLCE has remained stable after its first release in 2002\/2003. It is formally specified in first-order logic (FOL); its consistency has been proved by Oliver Kutz and  Till Mossakowski (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/AAAI\/AAAI11\/paper\/viewFile\/3754\/3863\"> paper <\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Developed in part within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/projects\/ontocommons\/\">OntoCommons project <\/a>(grant agreement no. 958371)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DOLCE in CLIF with consistency proofs using MACE4 \/ PROVER9 by Daniele Porello, Stefano Borgo, and Laure Vieu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dolce-mace4-prover9.zip\">link<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main documentation on  DOLCE <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Borgo, S., Ferrario, R., Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Masolo, C., Porello, D., Sanfilippo, E.M., &amp; Vieu, L. (2022). DOLCE: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/AO-210259\">A descriptive ontology for linguistic and cognitive engineering<\/a>. <em>Applied ontology<\/em>, <em>17<\/em>(1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/Papers\/D18.pdf\">WonderWeb Deliverable 18<\/a>:  it includes the final axiomatization of DOLCE in FOL, as well as the  presentation of the WonderWeb Foundational Ontologies Library.     This deliverable is to be considered as the main, official  documentation of DOLCE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/Papers\/WonderWebD17V2.0.pdf\">WonderWeb Deliverable 17<\/a>: it covers the first axiomatization of DOLCE in FOL<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Borgo, S., &amp; Masolo, C. (2009). Foundational choices in \nDOLCE. In Handbook on ontologies (pp. 361-381). Springer, Berlin, \nHeidelberg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Some research papers based on DOLCE <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> Masolo, C., Vieu, L., Bottazzi, E., Catenacci, C., Ferrario, R., Gangemi, A., &amp; Guarino, N. (2004). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/Papers\/KR04MasoloC.pdf\">Social Roles and their Descriptions <\/a>. In KR (pp. 267-277)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Borgo, S., &amp; Leit\u00e3o, P. (2007). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/Papers\/Chapter-BorgoLeitao.pdf\">Foundations for a core ontology of manufacturing.<\/a> In Ontologies (pp. 751-775). Springer, Boston, MA <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Bottazzi, E., &amp; Ferrario, R. (2009). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Preliminaries_to_a_DOLCE_Ontology_of_Org.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Preliminaries to a DOLCE ontology of organisations.<\/a> International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management, 4(4), 225-238     <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Garbacz, P., Borgo, S., Carrara, M., &amp; Vermaas, P. E. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Two_ontology_driven_formalisations_of_fu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Two ontology-driven formalisations of functions and their comparison<\/a>. Journal of Engineering Design, 22(11-12), 733-764 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Porello, D., Bottazzi, E., &amp; Ferrario, R. (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/286e\/d2573556746196e2bae09b45093323e3fc22.pdf\">The Ontology of Group Agency.<\/a> In FOIS (pp. 183-196) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Sanfilippo, E. M., &amp; Borgo, S. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Emilio_Sanfilippo\/publication\/300348472_Feature-Based_Modelling_and_Information_Systems_for_Engineering\/links\/57bac82408aec9984ff6bd75\/Feature-Based-Modelling-and-Information-Systems-for-Engineering.pdf\">Feature-Based Modelling and Information Systems for Engineering.<\/a> In AI*IA 2015: AI*IA 2015 Advances in Artificial Intelligence (pp.151-163). Springer, Cham <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Some methodological works<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> Guarino, N., &amp; Welty, C. A. (2004). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/Papers\/GuarinoWeltyOntoCleanv3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">An overview of OntoClean.<\/a> In Handbook on ontologies (pp. 151-171). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Masolo, C., &amp; Borgo, S. (2005). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/Papers\/Qualities(Font05).pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Qualities in formal ontology.<\/a> In Foundational Aspects of Ontologies (FOnt 2005) Workshop at KI (pp. 2-16) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Vieu, L., Borgo, S., &amp; Masolo, C. (2008). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/221234995_Artefacts_and_Roles_Modelling_Strategies_in_a_Multiplicative_Ontology\" target=\"_blank\">Artefacts and Roles: Modelling Strategies in a Multiplicative Ontology.<\/a> In FOIS (pp. 121-134) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DOLCE in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p> Porello, D., Terkaj, W., Vieu, L., Sanfilippo, E.M., Compagno, F. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15705838251401\">Approximating DOLCE in OWL: The DOLCEbasic and DOLCEnaryRel Core Modules<\/a>. Applied Ontology, 20(4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The OWL file are accessible on GitHub: <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/appliedontolab\/DOLCE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/github.com\/appliedontolab\/DOLCE<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scientific Papers on DOLCE<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A list of papers that discuss about DOLCE is available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/scientific-publications-on-dolce\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> More about  DOLCE <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> The <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Unified Foundational Ontology (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/applied-ontology\/ao157\" target=\"_blank\">Unified Foundational Ontology<\/a> (UFO) is based on both DOLCE and OntoClean <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> DOLCE in Common Logic by Michael Gr\u00fcninger (see <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gruninger\/colore\/tree\/master\/ontologies\" target=\"_blank\">COLORE<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/dolcevar.html\">research papers<\/a> based on DOLCE (written by world-wide scientists) [page not actively maintained, write us if you would like to propose additions to the list]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/old\/dolcus.html\" target=\"_blank\">DOLCE users<\/a> [page not actively maintained, write us if you would like to be added to the list]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\">(for archival purposes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/dolce\/overview.html\">link<\/a> to DOLCE&#8217;s resources in the outdated LOA&#8217; s website) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DOLCE is a foundational ontology developed and maintained by the ISTC-CNR Laboratory for Applied Ontology. It was originally developed within the WonderWeb project and was conceived as the first module of the WonderWeb Foundational Ontologies Library (WFOL) together with OCHRE and BFO. DOLCE has remained stable after its first release in 2002\/2003. It is formally &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/dolce\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering (DOLCE)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-777","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=777"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1024,"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/777\/revisions\/1024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.loa.istc.cnr.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}